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- FRACTRAC
- Version 1.0
- Copyright Bourbaki, Inc. 1991
- (208)342-5849
-
- INTRODUCTION
- ============
- FracTrac is designed to graphically demonstrate what happens in the iterative
- and recursive process of generating a fractal image in the Mandelbrot Set. It
- presents a fascinating look at the interim steps associated with processing a
- pixel, or a "track" of pixels. FracTrac also can be used as a "Julia" image
- explorer, providing the ability to preview a Julia image from any point in the
- set. Header files (.IMG) can be saved from the points to generate the actual
- images in FracTools.
-
- OPTIONAL INSTALLATION
- =====================
- FracTrac does not require installation. It can be run from the CD.
- However, to install it on a hard disk:
-
- * Create a directory on your hard disk - e.g. MD C:\FRACTRAC
- * Change into the \FRACTRAC directory on the CD
- * Type COPY *.* C:\FRACTRAC - and press <Enter>
-
- RUNNING the PROGRAM
- ===================
- To run FracTrac:
-
- * Change into the \FRACTRAC directory on the CD
- * Type FRACTRAC and press <Enter>
-
- If you installed it, to run the program from the hard disk:
-
- - Run it from FTMENU
- or
- - Change into the FRACTRAC directory - e.g. CD \FRACTRAC
- - Type FRACTRAC and press <Enter>
-
- To run the DEMOS:
-
- - Enter any of the batch file (.BAT) names on the command line
- - Press <Enter>
-
- The VGA_xx.BAT demos run in 640x480 resolution mode. The 10X7_xx.BAT demo
- runs in 1024x768 resolution mode.
-
- Note - FracTrac defaults to running in 640x480 - 16 color VGA mode. You can
- specify other video modes with the following commands:
-
- FRACTRAC /E - Will force video to EGA 640x350 - 16 color mode
- FRACTRAC /X - Will attempt to run in the highest resolution 16
- color mode supported by your hardware
-
- When FracTrac comes up, it will display an outline of the Mandelbrot Set.
-
- FRACTRAC OPERATIONS
- ===================
- FracTrac is designed to generate the orbits of convergence, or divergence, for
- successive values of Z when iterated through the Mandelbrot equation - Z^2 + C.
- Orbits can be generated for individual POINTS, or for TRACKS of points.
-
- To generate an ORBIT for a SINGLE POINT:
-
- - Position the mouse cursor somewhere on the screen
- - DOUBLE CLICK the LEFT mouse button
-
- This will generate a "line drawing" graph of the interim coordinates resulting
- from each iteration through the equation. When the operation is complete, a
- message will be displayed indicating whether the point in IN or OUTSIDE of the
- set. The MAXIMUM ITERATION LIMIT, (which defaults to 256), the ACTUAL ITERATION
- COUNT, and the coordinates of the point will also be displayed in the upper
- left hand corner of the screen.
-
- Points OUTSIDE the Set are divergent, meaning that the point values get
- typically get bigger as the function is iterated. Points INSIDE the Set are
- convergent, meaning that the point values get typically get smaller as the
- function is iterated. Around the edge of the Set, points and trace lines may
- appear to "oscillate," getting neither bigger or smaller. You can increase the
- MAXIMUM ITERATION LIMIT by pressing the GRAY <+> key to see which way it goes.
-
- You will notice that small differences in the starting coordinates can make
- big differences in the orbits. Try using the <Arrow> keys and pressing
- <Enter> to make small changes and generate orbits.
-
- Selecting another point will clear the screen and generate a new orbit. See
- the ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS and OPTIONS section for information on generating
- orbits for MULTIPLE SINGLE Points - the <F2> toggle.
-
- Note - The most interesting orbits will be generated from points close to, on
- the outline of, or within the set.
-
- To generate an ORBIT for a TRACK of POINTS:
-
- - Position the mouse cursor somewhere on the screen
- - Click the LEFT mouse button ONCE
- - Drag the mouse to a new point
- - Click the LEFT mouse button ONCE
-
- This will draw a line between the two points. You can continue to draw
- additional lines by dragging the mouse and clicking the Left button.
-
- To GENERATE the ORBITS for ALL the POINTS along the TRACK:
-
- - DOUBLE CLICK the LEFT mouse button
-
- Sit back and watch the show...
-
- See the ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS and OPTIONS section for information on toggling
- the TRACK LINE Display On and Off - the <Ctrl T> toggle.
-
- To STOP the GENERATION PROCESS at any time:
-
- - Press <Esc>, or click the Right Mouse Button
-
- To CLEAR the SCREEN to begin again:
-
- - Press <Esc>, or click the Right Mouse Button - while nothing is
- happening
-
- To EXIT FracTrac at any time:
-
- - Press <Alt Q>
-
- ADDITIONAL FRACTRAC OPERATIONS and OPTIONS
- ==========================================
- FracTrac provides a variety of additional options and features that are
- implemented using the FUNCTION Keys and other keys on the keyboard. A brief
- description of each of these options follows this summary.
-
- <F1> - Toggles Display of HELP and FUNCTION Key menu
- <F2> - Toggles SINGLE vs. MULTI Point Mode - On and Off
- <F3> - Regenerates Last Track - mirrored on the X axis
- <F4> - Regenerates Last Track - mirrored on the Y axis
- <F5> - Toggles Set Outline and Axis - On and Off
- <F6> - Toggles Color Plot option - On and Off
- <F7> - Save Track data as a .VEC file
- <F8> - Load Track file - .VEC file
- <F9> - Generate a Preview of a Julia image from a single point
- <F10> - Save Julia HEADER (.IMG) file
-
- <Ctrl S> - Toggles STEP mode - On and Off
- <Ctrl T> - Toggles TRACK LINE display - On and Off
-
- <Insert> - Toggle Red Trace Lines - On and Off
- <SpaceBar> - Toggles Pause when generating Tracks
-
- GRAY <-> - Divides Current Iteration Limit by 2 (to minimum = 256)
- GRAY <+> - Multiplies Current Iteration Limit by 2
- <=> - Resets Iteration Limit to 256
-
- <Up Arrow> - Move Mouse 1 pixel up
- <Down Arrow> - Move Mouse 1 pixel down
- <Left Arrow> - Move Mouse 1 pixel left
- <Right Arrow> - Move Mouse 1 pixel right
- <Home> - Move Mouse 1 pixel diagonally towards upper left
- <PgDn> - Move Mouse 1 pixel diagonally towards lower right
- <PgUp> - Move Mouse 1 pixel diagonally towards upper right
- <End> - Move Mouse 1 pixel diagonally towards lower left
- <Enter> - Accept current Mouse location and process it
-
- OPERATION DESCRIPTIONS
- ======================
- <F1> toggles Help menu and Function Key options On and Off. Use the cursor
- control keys to scroll through the help text.
-
- <F2> toggles the SINGLE vs. MULTI Point Mode On and Off. This option enables
- you to generate and display multiple SINGLE POINT orbits, without clearing the
- screen after each point. Press <Esc> or click the Right Mouse button to clear
- the screen and begin again.
-
- <F3> will regenerate the LAST Track that you drew, mirroring it on the X axis.
- The first time you press <F3> it toggles the "mirror." Press <F3> again to
- begin generating the orbits.
-
- <F4> will regenerate the LAST Track that you drew, mirroring it on the Y axis.
- The first time you press <F4> it toggles the "mirror." Press <F4> again to
- begin generating the orbits.
-
- <F5> toggles the Mandelbrot Set Outline and Axis display On and Off. This
- enables you to generate orbits without on a "clean" black background.
-
- <F6> toggles Color Plot option On and Off. If the option is On, the points
- will be plotted in different colors.
-
- <F7> enables you to Save an interesting Track as a data (.VEC) file. When
- selected, you will be prompted to enter a filename. The Track files can then
- be loaded and "replayed" using the <F8> Load Track option. Track files can
- also be loaded on the command line with FRACTRAC (e.g. FRACTRAC DEMO.VEC) to
- execute automatically. The .VEC extension must be specified. This is how the
- demo batch files are set up.
-
- <F8> enables you to Load and Replay a previously saved Track (.VEC) file.
- Note - It is important that you LOAD .VEC files in the same resolution mode
- that you SAVED them in.
-
- <F9> generates a Preview of a Julia image from a single point selected from
- the set. It will be displayed in the lower left corner of the screen.
-
- <F10> enables you to Save a Julia HEADER (.IMG) file that can be loaded and
- generated as a full screen image in FracTools.
-
- <Ctrl S> toggles the TRACK PAUSE On and Off. The Step mode enables you to
- stop and restart the generation of an orbits along a track.
-
- <Ctrl T> toggles the TRACK LINE display On and Off. This option is used to
- specify whether or not the actual Track Line you drew is redrawn when the
- orbits along the Track are generated. The default is On.
-
- <Insert> toggles the display of the orbit Trace Lines On and Off. The default
- is On, which results in the "red" lines being displayed, as connecting lines,
- when orbits are generated. With it Off, only the "points" are generated and
- displayed.
-
- A LITTLE BACKGROUND
- ===================
- The term "fractal" was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot to describe the family of
- shapes necessary to illustrate the irregular non-Euclidian geometry of nature.
- Dr. Mandelbrot pointed out that the "geometry of nature" does not seen to be
- made up of the circles, triangles, and rectangles of the ancient Greek
- mathematicians.
-
- Fractals are pure mathematical entities. They are "plotted" in a two
- dimensional plane, in an X-Y Coordinate system where each individual pixel has
- an X and Y value. It is also important to note that the Mandelbrot Set exists
- very close to the intersection of the X and Y axis. The X values range from
- approximately -2.0 to +1.0, and the Y values range from -1.2 to +1.2. The
- coordinates of each pixel provide the starting values for iterative recursive
- process that results in pixels being assigned colors, which in turn results in
- colored regions in an image. The simple Mandelbrot equation Z^2 + C does it
- all.
-
- After each pass through the equation the "norm" of the resulting values is
- checked to see if it is greater than "4." The result will either converge or
- diverge. Convergence means that the result gets smaller and smaller,
- approaching zero, after each iteration. Divergence means that the result gets
- bigger and bigger. If the result is bigger than "4" we know it is divergent,
- at which point processing stops and the pixel is assigned a color.
-
- This is what happens in the process of generating a fractal image, pixel by
- pixel. However, FracTrac does not generate fractals. It is designed to
- illustrate the convergent or divergent quality of an individual pixel, or
- pixels along a "track" of pixels.
-
- CONTACT INFORMATION
- ===================
- For additional information on Bourbaki's products, or to order, call
- (800)289-1347 For technical support, call (208)342-5849.
- Bourbaki, Inc. / 475 Main St. / P.O. Box 2867 / Boise, ID 83701 FracShow - Version 2.0
-